Health- Seeking Behaviour among Caregivers in Treatment of Childhood Malaria in Imo State, Nigeria

Aim:The health seeking behavior in the treatment of childhood malaria was assessed to investigate influence of educational level and occupation of caregivers on choice of health services. Methodology:Between September, 2005 and January, 2008 in two Local Government Areas of Imo State, Nigeria. A total of 6259 respondents were interviewed through household survey of caregivers domiciled in the communities in the study area. Results:Result showed the major malaria management practices in the study area to include; use of herbs from local healers, buying of over the counter anti-malarials from pharmacies and attendance to hospitals/clinics. The result also revealed that majority (35.4%) of respondents went to pharmacies for the treatment of their children while 27.1% of respondents were self-medicating. Some (9.8%) of the caregivers used herbs, while 3.7% visited both herbalists and hospitals. The malaria management practices differed significantly (P<.05) among occupational groups and educational levels.Conclusion:There should therefore be intensive and sustained public health education aimed at improving attitudes of care givers towards the use of health facilities for timely treatment of childhood malaria

Assessment of Parents Knowledge about Oral Health in National Guard Primary Schools, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Aim: Evaluation of parents’ knowledge about oral health in primary schools of the National Guard, Riyadh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in King Abdullaziz Iskan City. Parents of 257 school children, who completed a self-administrated questionnaire, were involved in this study. Results: It was revealed that there was a lack of knowledge and awareness of the importance of fluoride, regular dental visit, and plaque. In contrast, good knowledge about brushing and the relation between oral health and general health was observed. Also, a mother with a high level of education has knowledge better than mothers who have a low level. In addition, the families with higher income have more knowledge especially about fluoride and dental visits. Conclusion: Parents’ knowledge about the importance of oral health needs to be improved because children mostly gain knowledge about oral health and hygiene from their parents and then start establishing their habits. Coordinated efforts by dentists and other health professionals are required to impart dental health education about oral health and preventive care among parents.

Status quo, problems and prospects of healthcare plus elderly care mode in China / 中华医院管理杂志

In order to fully understand the status quo of the healthcare plus elderly care mode development in China, this paper comprehensively analyzed the progress of China in this respect, from four aspects as follows. These include the policy making, service mode development, number of elderly care beds and long-term care insurance. In view of the current shortage of resources in China, namely that of talents, poor teambuilding, imbalance between supply and demand of medical institutions, and the lack of coordination among healthcare and elderly care institutions, this paper suggests that China should focus on strengthening the construction of diversified elderly care system and professional elderly care personnel. In addition, it suggests to establish and improve the long-term care system with Chinese characteristics and promote the introduction of hospice care services for elderly care institutions, hence encouraging a high level healthcare plus elderly care career in China.

Family perception of humane care provided by health care personnel / Percepção dos parentes sobre o atendimento humanizado fornecido pelo pessoal de saúde / Percepción de los familiares acerca de la atención humanizada brindada por el personal de salud

Objective: To determine the perception the family has about the humane care in the Intensive Care Units of three Health Service Institutions in the city of Cucuta (Colombia). Materials and Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study was performed with a sample of 220 family members that met the requirements of inclusion; for the recollection of the information, the instrument used was denominated Family perception about humanization in the intensive care units, designed and validated in Cucuta by students and teachers of VIII semester from the Nursing Program at the University Francisco de Paula Santander in 2016. To determine the liability the Cronbach's Alpha was used, obtaining a value of 0.89. Results: The humane care perception by family members was moderate in 63% of the participants. The communication and information, emotional support and family participation were the highest rating categories, while coping and visits had the lowest ratings. Conclusions: The participants of the study perceive as moderate the humane care, since they relate this to the quality of the care provided, considering the evaluated categories in the research. On the other hand, the family members point out that they receive the necessary information and support to involve themselves in the care activities, allowing them for more interaction with the hospitalized familiar and the personnel.

Objetivo: Determinar la percepción que tiene la familia acerca de la atención humanizada en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de tres Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud de la ciudad de Cúcuta. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal con una muestra de 220 familiares que cumplieron los requisitos de inclusión; para la recolección de la información se utilizó el instrumento denominado Percepción de los familiares acerca de la humanización en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, diseñado y validado en Cúcuta por estudiantes y docentes de VIII semestre del Programa de Enfermería de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander durante el año 2016. Para determinar la confiabilidad se utilizó el alfa de Cronbach, obteniéndose un valor de 0.89. Resultados: La percepción de la atención humanizada por parte de los familiares fue moderada en el 63 % de los participantes, la comunicación e información, el apoyo emocional y la participación familiar fueron las categorías con mejor calificación, mientras que el afrontamiento y las visitas tuvieron los valores más bajos de calificación. Conclusiones: Los participantes del estudio perciben como moderada la atención humanizada, puesto que la relacionan con la calidad de la atención que les brindan, teniendo en cuenta las categorías evaluadas en la investigación. Por otra parte, los familiares señalan que reciben información y apoyo necesario para involucrarse en las actividades de cuidado, permitiéndoles una mayor interacción con el familiar hospitalizado y el personal.

Objetivo: Determinar a percepção que tem a família sobre atendimento humanizado nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) de três instituições que prestam serviços de saúde na cidade de Cúcuta. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo de tipo descritivo de corte transversal com uma amostra de 220 parentes que preencheram os requisitos de inclusão; para a recolecção da informação se utilizou o instrumento denominado: "Percepção dos parentes sobre a humanização nas unidades de terapia intensiva", desenhado e validado em Cúcuta por estudantes e docentes de VIII semestre do Curso de Enfermagem da Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander durante o ano 2016. Para determinar a confiabilidade se utilizou o alfa de Cronbach, obtivendo-se um valor de 0,89. Resultados: A percepção do atendimento humanizado por parte dos parentes foi moderada no 63 % dos participantes, a comunicação e informação, o apoio emocional e a participação familiar foram as categorias com melhor qualificação, enquanto que o afrontamento e as visitas tiveram os valores mais baixos de qualificação. Conclusões: Os participantes do estudo percebem como moderado o atendimento humanizado, já que o relacionam com a qualidade do atendimento que lhes oferecem, tendo em conta as categorias avaliadas na pesquisa. Por outra parte, os parentes apontam que recebem informação e apoio necessário para involucrar-se nas atividades de cuidado, permitindo-lhes uma maior interação com o parente hospitalizado e o pessoal de saúde.

Application of empowerment theory-based health education for the major caregivers of patient with leukemia / 现代临床护理

Objective To evaluate the effect of the empowerment theory-based health education on anxiety, depression and self-efficacy in the major caregivers for patient with leukemia. Methods Eighty patients with leukemia and their caregivers were enrolled during November 2013 to November 2014 and were divided into the intervention group (n=40) and the control group (n=40). The caregivers of the intervention group received empowerment theory-based education , while those of the control group received general health education. The two groups were compared in terms of anxiety, depression and self-efficacy. Results Before intervention, there were no significant differences in the three items between the groups (P>0.05). After intervention, the level of self efficacy in the intervention group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05) and the scores in the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion The empowerment theory-based education can relieve anxiety and depression and improve the self efficacy of the caregivers of patients with leukemia.

Effects of Job Stress and Supervisory Support on Depression of Care Givers in Elderly Care Facilities / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of job stress and support from supervisors on depression of care givers in elderly care facilities. METHODS: Subjects were 191 care givers working in elderly care facilities in K-Province in Korea. Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, chi2 test, t-test, F-test, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple logistic regression with dummy variables were used for statistical analysis of data. RESULTS: Job stress measured with Korean Occupational Stress Scale was 56.16+/-5.88. Emotional and instrumental support from supervisors were 37.05+/-7.30 and 32.39+/-7.34, respectively. After controlling for general characteristics, job stress was significantly related to depression (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01~1.14). However, job stress became non-significant in the model that included instrumental support from supervisors. Not emotional but instrumental support from supervisors was significantly related to depression of care givers (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88~0.99). CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that job stress has negative effects and instrumental support from supervisors has protective effects on depression of care givers in elderly care facilities. Therefore, measures to increase instrumental support by supervisors should be developed to improve psychological health of care givers in elderly care facilities.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) study on HIV / AIDS among HIV patients, care givers and general population in north-eastern part of India.

Background: HIV, the disease, whose mode of transmission is known and is largely preventable, but due to lack of knowledge and practices about HIV/AIDS in general population causes its rapid spread. Aims & Objective: To assess and compare the knowledge, attitude and practices about HIV in patients group, care giver and in general population. Material and Methods: A total of 102 HIV/AIDS patients, 60 care givers (35 attendant, 19 nurses, 6 doctors) and 40 general population (control) were included in the present study. The patients who were registered for study were followed up for three visits. The responses were recorded on a pre-designed and pre-tested, semi- structured questionnaire. Results: Illiteracy was more common in HIV patient group (27.5%) . A high proportion of HIV/AIDS cases were engaged in transport/ production industry (24.5%). Electronic media and print media are major source of information. 35.3% patients, 22.9% care givers and 47.5% general population group thought that with medication HIV is curable. Sexual contact (63.8%) was the commonest mode of transmission. 80.0% medical staff thought that a newly diagnosed HIV person, first to talk with doctor. After 6 month follow up: 82% patients write sexual contact as major mode of transmission, and Use of condom was most important preventive measure (68%). Conclusion: Understanding the KAP about HIV/AIDS of Patients, care givers and in general populations will help us in formulating strategy for prevention and treatment.

Calidad de vida de los niños asmáticos y de sus cuidadores que acuden a la división de alergia e inmunología del hospital de niños de córdoba, Argentina / Quality of life of children with asthma and their caregivers attending the division of allergy and immunology, children's hospital of cordoba, Argentina

Este es el primer estudio de la calidad de vida (CV) de los niños asmáticos y sus cuidadores en Córdoba, Argentina.Se evaluó la relación entre la calidad de vida del niño, el grado de severidad del asma y la calidad de vida del padre. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios: Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) y Pediatric Asthma Caregiver’s Quality of Lifenaire (PAQLQ) de la profesora Juniper a 60 binomios Questionnaire padre –niño asmático en el Servicio de Alergia e InmunologÍa Clínica del Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad de Córdoba, Argentina.Para el estudio, los datos fueron obtenidos de las historias clínicas, valoración GINA, espirometría realizada en el día de la aplicación de los cuestionarios.La severidad del asma del niño y la calidad de vida del mismo influyen en la calidad de vida de los padres. El dominio emocional de los niños es la variable más importante en la calidad de los respectivos padres. El promedio de la CV de los niños fue 5,63±1,47. La severidad del asma afectan tanto a la CV de los niños como la de sus padres. La CV de los padres estuvo más disminuida que en la de sus niños.

This is the first study of Quality of Life both asthmatic children and their caregivers in Córdoba, Argentina. The relationship between severity of children’s asthma and the quality of life of children with this disease and their caregivers were evaluated. The Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionaire (PAQLQ) and Pediatric Asthma Caregiver’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) were administered to 60 pediatric asthmatic patients and caregivers in the Allergy and Clinical Immunology Service of the Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad de Córdoba, Argentina.Data was obtained from medical records, spirometry, GINA’s valuation and two quality of life (QL) questionnaires. The relationship between severity of children’s asthma and quality of life of the children and their caregivers were determined using Pearson’s correlation. The mean of patient’s QL was 5,91±1,17; the mean of caregivers’ QL was 5,63±1,47. The severity of asthma of the children impaired both the QL the children and their fathers. The fathers’QL was more impaired than their children. The emotional domain of the children was the most influential variable in the QL of their caregivers.

Investigation on bibliotherapy in nursing care of perioperative children / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of bibliotherapy in soothing the postoperative pain in children and relieving the perioperative anxiety of children and their care givers. Methods Hospitalized children and their care givers from August 2007 to March 2009 were studied. 153 cases from August 2007 to May 2008 were assigned to the control group and the other 153 cases to the intervention group. Routine surgical nursing were applicated in the control group by introduction of perioperative nursing procedures.Bibliotherapy were applicated in the intervention group on the basis of the control group-using "bibliotherapy materials for hospitalized children" which was designed by ourselves and correspond with the theory of bibliotherapy to interfere in the 153 cases in the intervention group. The variance of preoperative anxiety of care givers and perceptions of postoperative pain of children between the two groups were compared with scales of mYPAS, STAI and FLACC and Wong- Baker Facial Scale. Results The scores of mYPAS in children of the intervention group and the control group was (35.875+4.441)and(46.796+8.606 )respectively and the variance was significant. The scores of STAI in care givers of the two groups was(38.125+4.371 )and (49.901 +7.420) respectively and revealed significant variance. The scores of Wong-Baker and FLACC in children of both groups 1 hour after operation were compared and revealed no statistical significance. The scores of Wong-Baker and FLACC in children at 6 hours and 24 hours postoperative were compared subjectively and objectively and revealed statistic significance. Conclusions Bibliotherapy can ameliorate the anxiety level of both children and their care givers, relieve the perception of postoperative pain in children and improve their comforts. Bibliotherapy thus conduces to the recovery of postoperative children.

Perfil de cuidadores de enfermos en cuidados paliativos / Caregivers of palliative care home patients

Diversos estudios coinciden en señalar que el hogar es el ámbito que pacientes y familiares prefieren para el cuidado del enfermo terminal y donde transcurre la mayor parte del último año de vida. Los cuidadores informales se han convertido en un importante componente de los cuidados paliativos. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) identificar y describir aspectos relevantes relativos a las tareas del cuidado de pacientes con enfermedades terminales en el hogar, desde la perspectiva de los propios cuidadores y 2) proponer una clasificación de los diferentes tipos de cuidados provistos, elaborando perfiles de cuidadores. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa mediante un cuestionario auto-administrado, con un diseño flexible de alcance exploratorio-descriptivo que incorporó técnicas cuantitativas para medir determinados aspectos analizados con el paquete estadístico SPSS (12.01). La unidad de análisis estuvo constituida por 50 cuidadores de pacientes con enfermedades terminales atendidos en el Servicio de Cuidados Paliativos del Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari (Ciudad de Buenos Aires) durante los años 2007 y 2008. Tres aspectos fueron evaluados: a) el cuidado cotidiano del paciente, b) las percepciones sobre los deseos del enfermo y c) las reflexiones sobre el propio papel del cuidador. Fueron identificados cuatro perfiles de cuidadores: 1) los satisfechos con la provisión de la atención dada, con soporte en una red organizada de amigos y familiares involucrados, 2) los potencialmente vulnerables, con aparente control de la situación pero con factores de riesgo de deterioro, 3) los que se sentían desbordados en estas tareas y que explícitamente expresaban las dificultades de cuidar y 4) los aislados en su rol, compuesto por esposas solas que preferían no molestar ni pedir ayuda.

Research suggests that patients spend most of the last year of their life at home and that this is the place where they often choose to stay. Family caregiving has become an important issue of palliative care. The purposes of this study were: 1) to identify salient issues of caregiving for family members of palliative care patients and 2) to propose a classification based on different profiles of caregivers. The research was exploratory-descriptive, based on a flexible design, specifically case studies. Caregivers (n=50) were selected randomly among relatives of home. Palliative care patients attended in the Lanari Institute (University of Buenos Aires, Argentina) during 2007-2008. Qualitative data were gathered through unstructured, open ended interviews in the home setting. Quantitative data were collected with a self-completion questionnaire and were analyzed with SPSS (12.01). Three dimensions were evaluated: a) attitudes of the caregiver towards the treatments, b) perceptions of the caregivers of the needs and wishes of the patient and c) evaluation of their own role as caregiver. Four types of informal caregivers were identified: 1) satisfactory carers, based on a well-organized system of relatives and friends involved in the caring situation, 2) potentially vulnerable carers, those involved in situations apparently controlled, but with factors which could trigger a spiral of deterioration, 3) overwhelmed carers, who explicitly express difficulties in being able to achieve the daily goals for the patients´ comfort and 4) isolated carers, composed by lonely wives wishing "not to bother" others.

Demandas e expectativas de famílias de crianças com necessidades especiais: de situações do cotidiano aos técnicos envolvidos no tratamento / Demands and expectancies of families of children with special needs: from day-by-day situations to the professionals involved in their treatment

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as principais demandas e expectativas de famílias de crianças com necessidades especiais, relativas ao enfrentamento do cotidiano e aos profissionais envolvidos no tratamento da criança. Participaram do estudo seis famílias de crianças com disfunções físicas e com deficiência mental, com idades entre 4 e 8 anos. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados o "Catalogo de avaliação do nível de independência de crianças de 4 a 8 anos nas AVDs"e um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada. As entrevistas foram analisadas segundo a metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados indicam que algumas demandas são comuns as famílias, independentemente da deficiência da criança, como a necessidade de mais informações, orientações e serviços. Outras demandas parecem ser mais específicas e relacionadas as dificuldades das crianças, como a percepção e o questionamento da realidade pelas próprias crianças e formas de lidar com o preconceito.

The purpose of the study was identifying the main demands and expectancies of families of children with special needs regarding their day-by-day life and the professionals involved in these children's treatment. Six families of children between 4 and 8 year-old with physical and mental impairments took part in the study. Data were collected by the application of the Catalogue for evaluation of daily-life activities independence for children from 4 to 8 year-old" and a semi-structured interview. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed. Results indicate that some demands such as need of information, orientation and support services are common with the families, whatever the children impairment is. Other demands are more specific and seem to be related to the difficulties of the children, such as their perception and inquiring about the reality and ways of dealing with prejudice, among others.

Conflicto decisional en salud en mujeres cuidadoras / Health decisional conflict in female care givers

Objetivos: la población de mujeres cuidadoras es un grupo que por sus características necesita especialmente ser estudiada respecto a las variables que están involucradas en los conflictos decisionales de salud a los que se enfrentan. Para ello se plantearon dos objetivos: captar la esencia de variables latentes de conflicto decisional en salud en mujeres cuidadoras informales. Construir tipologías de mujeres que experimentan este conflicto en salud, en una muestra de 50 mujeres de la Comuna de Concepción, Chile. Métodos: se realizó un estudio exploratorio, utilizando la técnica de análisis factorial para variables categóricas, seguido por un análisis de clasificación. Resultados: los resultados arrojaron 2 dimensiones, una que se interpretó como conocimientos para enfrentar el conflicto y la segunda como recursos personales que favorecen la toma de decisión. Conclusiones: el análisis de clasificación permitió identificar 4 grupos distintos de mujeres cuidadoras que enfrentan conflictos decisionales(AU)

Objetives: the population of female care givers is a group that due to their characteristics need to be specially studied as regards the variables involved in the health decisional conflicts they have to face. Two goals were established to this end: to capture the essence of latent variables of health decisional conflict in informal care givers, and to construct typologies of women experimenting this conflict in health, in a sample of 50 females from Comuna de la Concepción, Chile. Methods: an exploratory study was conducted by using the technique of factorial analysis for categorical variables, followed by a classification analysis. Results: the results showed 2 dimensions, one that was interpreted as knowledge to face the conflict and the second as personal resources that favor the decision-making. Conclusions: the classification analysis allowed to identify 4 different groups of female care givers that face decisional conflicts(AU)

Interações afetivas de crianças abrigadas: um estudo etnográfico / Affective interactions with children in shelters: an ethnographic study

Este estudo teve como objetivo observar as interações entre as crianças residentes em abrigo e suas cuidadoras. Foram participantes desta pesquisa vinte crianças de 10 meses a cinco anos e nove meses de idade, de ambos os sexos, de um abrigo para crianças e adolescentes. A metodologia utilizada foi de cunho etnográfico. Estas crianças foram observadas duas vezes por semana, em encontros de uma hora e meia, durante três meses e meio. Os resultados apontaram falta de preparo das monitoras para cuidar das crianças, evidenciado em situações de hostilidade verbal e poucas ocorrências de carinho, palavras incentivadoras e contato físico. Ao mesmo tempo, notou-se que as crianças buscavam incessantemente a atenção, o colo e o carinho de outros adultos freqüentadores do abrigo. Depreende-se disto a necessidade de prevenir e alterar relações insatisfatórias entre cuidadores e crianças, promovendo um ambiente saudável para seu desenvolvimento.

This study was conducted in order to observe interactions among twenty children living in a sheltered home and their care-givers. Using ethnographic methodology, these children (between ten months and five years old) were observed during half-hour meetings held twice a week for three and a half months. The findings indicate a lack of training among the care-givers, reflected in verbal hostility towards the children, with limited care, few words of encouragement and little physical contact. At the same time, it was noted that the children searched continuously for attention and care from other adults visiting the home. This underscores the need to prevent and restructure poor relationships between care-givers and children, shaping healthy environment for their development.

Activities of Daily Living of The Elderly with a Chronic Disease and Burden on Family Care-givers / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to help families decrease and alleviate the burden on family care-givers taking care of elderly patients. METHOD: Data was collected by a questionnaire from 100 family members who were registered in the department of home health care nursing at 4 hospitals of H University Medical Center from September 20 to October 25, 2005. The collected data was analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, t-test and One-Way ANOVA with the Duncan's test, and Stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: The average burden on family care-givers of elderly patients with chronic diseases was 3.31. The social burden was the highest(M=3.68), the lowest was the emotional burden (M=2.95). In ADL of elderly patients with chronic diseases, all 10 questions showed an average point above 2.50. The dependency level of going up and down the stairs was the highest (M=2.88). CONCLUSION: This research is necessary for the application of a plan in the social support system in order to reduce the burden on family care-givers who are taking care of elderly patients with a chronic disease.